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Format & Definitions
Average Base Depth
Base depth is determined by the average minimum and maximum base depths, reported in inches, e.g., "Base 27 to 46 inches". Base depth is the low and high estimated range of natural and snowmaking base depths on trails that are open. Also, some areas measure base at mid-mountain.
Primary & Secondary Surface Conditions
The primary surface condition is defined as that trail surface type which describes conditions on at least 70 percent of the terrain open to skiers.
The secondary surface condition is the next most prevalent surface type of at least 20% of open terrain or more or is used when it materially affects the skiing; e.g.; icy patches, thin spots, frozen granular patches, etc.
Surface Description Term Definitions
The following terms are defined for use in describing ski trail surface conditions.
Powder (PDR): Cold, new, loose, fluffy, dry snow that has not been compacted. This is usually the product of fresh, natural snowfall.
Packed Powder (PP): Powder snow, either natural or machine-made, that has been packed down by skier traffic or grooming machines. The snow is no longer fluffy, but it is not so extremely compacted that it is hard.
Hard Pack (HP): When natural or machine made snow becomes very firmly packed. The snow has never melted and re-crystallized, but it's been tightly compressed through grooming and continuous wind exposure. You can plant a pole in hard packed snow, but it takes more effort than packed powder. Unlike frozen granular snow, hard packed snow is generally white in color.
Loose Granular (LSGR): This surface results after powder or packed powder thaws then refreezes and re-crystalizes, or from an accumulation of sleet. This is also created by machine grooming of frozen or icy snow.
Frozen Granular (FRGR): This is undoubtedly the most misunderstood surface condition in ski reporting. Frozen granular is a hard surface of old snow formed by granules freezing together after a rain or warm temperatures. There are a wide range of frozen granular surfaces that offer different textures and ease of turning. Frozen granular will support a ski pole stuck into the surface. In contrast, ice will form chips and will not support the pose. It can return to loose granular after proper machine grooming.
Wet Packed Snow (WETPS): Natural or machine made snow that has been previously packed and becomes wet usually because of rainfall.
Wet Granular (WETGR): Loose or frozen granular snow which has become wet after rainfall or high temperatures. This is typically an easy to ski surface that results from rainy days or a thaw.
Wet Snow (WETSN): Powder snow which has become moist due to a thaw or rainfall, or snow which was moist, as it fell.
Spring Conditions (SC): (Only allowed to be used from March 1st on). This is the spring version of Variable Conditions. Like variable conditions, this term is used when no one surface can describe 70% of the terrain open for skiing. It is not uncommon for other evidence of spring to be present such as bare spot, a discolored surface from melting and traffic.
Windblown Snow (WBLN): A windy day can blow the surface snow, either powder or granular, into drifts in some places, leaving a firmly packed base snow.
Corn: Corn snow, usually found in the spring, is characterized by large, loose granules during the day which freeze together at night, and then loosen again during the day.
Icy: Not to be confused with frozen granular, ice is a hard, glazed surface created either by freezing rain, ground water seeping up into the snow and freezing, or by the rapid freezing of snow saturated with water from rain or melting. It is important to note that, generally, frozen granular is opaque whereas ice is translucent.
Variable Conditions (VC): When no primary surface (70% or more) can be determined, variable conditions describes a range of surfaces that can be encountered. It could mean that parts of the trails are loose granular, part are packed powder, part are frozen granular and some are wet granular.
Machine Groomed Granular (MGG): Loose granular snow that has been repeatedly groomed by power tillers so that the texture is halfway between loose granular & packed powder. Some of the snow is granular & some of the snow has been so pulverized that the crystals are like fine powder sugar. It's neither loose granular nor packed powder. This condition occurs only after a warm/freeze with multiple grooming passes.
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PO Box B, Jackson, NH 03846 | Directions to the Mountain |
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